Paletwa Cu Chinland. By- Dr. Sui Khar (CNF)

Biahmatthi:
Arakan Army (AA) a chuah hnu a bik in AA le Kawl Ralkap i tuknak a um hnu in Rakhine miphun pawl nih Paletwa hi kan ram a si tiin biatak tein an au. Rakhine miphun pawl nih Paletwa hi Rakhine ram a si tiin an aw a chuahnak hi atu lawngah a si lo, kha hlan zongah khan a rak chuak cangmi a si.  Free Ranger Burma (FRB) nih chuahmi anmah cawlcanghnak zong ah Rakhine pawl nih Paletwa, Arakan State tiin an rak chuah. Kanmah Chin miphun a si lomi nih FRB pawl kha nan palh an rak ti hna. Cu hnu cun FRB nih an chuahmi ca paoh ah Paletwa cu Chin State tiin an ttial tthan. AA pawl nih Paletwa peng chung hmun cheukhat sianginn sign-board pawl kha Chin State tiin an ttialmi hrawh riangmang in Rakhine State tiah an thlen hna. Kan hnulei te ah khan Panglong khua ah Ethnic Youth pawl conference an tuahnak ah Arakan National party hruaitu Dr. Aye Maung nih “1953-54 hrawng ah kan Hill Tract a simi Paletwa cu Chin Special Division ah an pek hna” tiin a chim. Facebook chung ah siseh, a dang media chung ah siseh kan rel tikah kan thin a tok ngaingai. Rakhine pawl nih Paletwa hi kan ram a si tiin an tinak an i tlaih bikmi cu “Paletwa cu Arakan Hill Tract” chung ah a rak ummi a si” ti hi a si bik ko.  Acheu nih cun Rakhine Kingdom tang ah a rak ummi a si a ti zong an um.


Thazaang (Might is right) Chan

 “Might is right” timi sullam a tawinak cun “Thazaang a neimi, a tthawngmi nih a dik zong dik lo zongah a duhmi paoh a tuah khawh” tinak a si ko. Laiholh cun “Thazaang chan” kan ti tawnmi he khin ai lo. Vawlei ralpi a voi hninnak tiang kha cu “might is right” timi hi vawleicung ah rak hman a si.  Ram pumpi tuanbia (history of Union of Burma) kan zoh zongah thazaang a tthawng deuhmi miphun paoh nih a der deuhmi miphun kha an va tuk hna, anmah pen ram ah an chiah hna. Rakhine miphun zong hi siangpahrang tiang nei in ai uk vemi miphun cu an si ko nain Kawl siangpahrang nih British kai hlan 1784 kum ah an rak tuk hna i, a pennak tang ah a chiahmi a si. British le Kawl i tuknak (First Anglo-Burmese War) ah khan Rakhine ramtthen cu Kawl Siangpahrang nih ralsungh man (War Reparation) ah mirang kut ah a pek hna. Rakhine ramtthen cu mirang kuttang ah 1886 ah a phan hoi.

Dr. Sui Khar

Mirang kai hlan ah cun Nihin Ramkulh chung ah a ummi miphun hna lakah Mon le Rakhine ti dah lo cu anmah tein aa ukmi miphun (independence nations) an rak si hna. Mirang nih Kawl siangpahrang Tibaw pennak ram cu 1885 ah a rak laak dih. Tibaw siangpahrang zong cu an tlaih i, India ah an kuat. Cu hnu ah Ramkulh um miphun dang hna cu Mirang nih tuk hram a thok. Kannih Chin cu 1890 hrawng in tuk hram a thok. 

British Uknak

 Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, le Union of Burma hi Mirang chan ah British-India tiin uknak unit pakhat tang ah an rak um. Mirang nih hin uknak system a phunphun in a rak uk hna. 1937 kum ah British India cu British India le British-Burma tiin (Burma Act 1935 ning in) tthen a si. Nihin Union of Burma hi British nih a rak uk lioah uknak phun thum an hman. Pakhatnak cu, Ministerial Burma asiloah Proper Burma ti zongin an auh. Cu tang ahcun Tenasserim, Arakan, Pegu le Irrawady tiin division pali ah an tthen hna. Pahnihnak cu Scheduled Areas asiloah Frontier Areas ti zongin auh a si. Cu hna cu Shan, Kachin le Chin hi an i tel. Pathumnak cu Karenni State (Kayah State) khi ahomanh nih ukmi ram cu a si lo nain British nih kilvennak a tuahmi a si.

Frontier Areas:  

 Frontier Areas timi cu Ministerial or proper Burma chung ah a um lomi, Mirang kuttang a um fawnmi (Karenni State bantuk zong a si fawn ttung lomi) areas pawl kha Frontier Areas tiah auh a si. Frontier Areas an rak tuah hnawh chan hi a ruang tampi a um. Mirang nih Frontier Areas um miphun pawl an rak tuk hna lioah anmah Mirang le Ramukbawi karlak ah hnatlaknak a neih ning in an tuahmi a si.  Cu pin ah Frontier Areas um miphun cheukhat cu nelrawm ummi Kawl le Vai pawl kha an va tukthah lengmang hna ruangah Frontier Areas minung pawl nelrawn rat lo nakding ah tiin an khamnak hna zong a si fawn. Chin miphun ca ahcun Chin Hills Regulation Act (1896) tiin daan pakhat an siam i, cu daan ning cun Mirang nih uk a si. Hi daan nih hin Mizoram siseh, Naga Hills siseh a rak huap. Independence ngah hnu ah cun hi daan hmang in Miphun dang tu tlangcung ah kai khamnak ah atu tiang India um Nagaland le Mizoram States nih cun an hman thai. Miphun dang nih Nagaland le Mizoram tlawn duh ahcun Inner Line Permit neih lawng ah tlawn khawh a si. Frontier Areas hi Part I le Part II tiin phun hnih ah tthen a si.  Frontier Areas ah cun anmah phung ning tein an i neihmi bawi (Traditional chief) nih khan a uk hna. Governor tu nih ruahnak a pek hna. Ministerial Burma ah cun governor nih direct in a uk hna.

Frontier Areas Um Chin Miphun hna:

 Union of Burma ahhin Chin miphun hi a hlan tein darh ngai in kan rak um hna. Acheu cu nelrawn ah (Tahchunhnak ah Asho Chin), acheu cu tlangcung ah, acheu cu tiva kam tiin kan um hna. Cucaah Fronteir Areas chung ah a ummi Chin miphun hna cu hmun hnih ah an kan tthen. Pakhatnak cu Chin Hills District ti a si, a pahnihnak cu Arakan Hill Tracts tiah auh a si. Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) report ning ahcun a hmun kauh ning le milu (1941 census ning) cu a tanglei bantukin a si.  (Hi milu data hi 1941 ah census an tuah nain a voihnihnak vawlei ralpi lio ah data vialte a tlau. 1931 census chirchan in 1941 ah milu karh kho dingmi ruahdamh in an tuahmi a si.)

Chin Hills District:

Area: 10,337 Square Miles
Total Population: 186,000
Population by Races:
Chins: 183,768 or 98.8%
Others: 2,232 or 1.2%

 “Kanpelet Subdivision in the south of the District has close ties with the neighboring Chin population in Ministerial Burma” tiin a tang ah an ttialchih. Cucaah Chin Hills District pin ah Chin miphun cheukhat cu Ministerial Burma chungah an um rih tinak a si.

Arakan Hill Tracts

Area: 3543 Square Miles
Population: 34,000
Population by Races:
Chins: 25772 or 75.8%
Others: 4624 or 13.6%
Burma Group: 3570 or 10.6%

 “The Burma Group of the population who are Arakanese Buddhists nearly all live in southern part the tract bordering to Arakan Division.” tiin a tanglei ah a chapchih. Others a timi hna hi zei miphun ti cu theih a si lo nain, Arakan Hills Tract chungah cun Rakhine pawl hi 10% fai lawng an um ti cu a fiang ngai.

 A cung data pawl zohnak in a fiangmi cu Frontier Areas chungah a ummi “Arakan Hills Tract” ti cu a hmun min (name of area) a si. Arakan ram tinak a si lo. Chin miphun pawl umnak, Chinland ramkulh chung tinak fiang tein a langhter. Hi area chung ah Rakhine miphun cu barawh zatte lawng an um.

Report of Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE)

 Panglong Agreement kong kan chim tikah amah Panglong agreement lawng in chim le rel hi a si tawn.  A taktak ah cun Panglong Agreement timi cu amah pikpak in a ummi hnatlaknak (stand alone document) a si lo.  Panglong Agreement kan ti tikah Aungsan-Atlee hnatlaknak, le Report of Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry he relchih a haumi a si.  Zeiruang ah kan ti ahcun Bochuk Aung San nih Mirang cozah sin ah independence a hal hna tikah Proper Burma ca lawng si loin British-Burma pumpi independence nan kan pek lai tiah a rak ti hna. Cu tik ah Mirang Cozah nih Frontier Areas ah a ummi miphun hna ruahnak le duhthimnak hal ding in Aung San-Atlee hnatlaknak ah an ttialchih (Article-8). Panglong agreement cu government of Burma in aiawhtu Bochuk Aung San le Frontier Areas um miphun aiawhtu hruaitu hna karlak hnatlaknak a si. Cu hnatlaknak ning cun Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) zong an rak dirh. FACE nih aa tinh bikmi cu Frontier Areas ah a ummi miphun nih zeibantukin dah Proper Burma he an i fonh ning a si lai, a tawinak cun ram uknak phunghram (Constitution) ser/ttial tikah zeibantuk in dah siter an duh timi theih nakding ah hlathlainak an tuahmi a si.

 FACE pawl nih Frontier Areas ummi miphun aiawhtu pawl tonbiaruahnak cu Rangoon le Maymyo ah an tuah. Chin Hills District pawl cu Maymyo ah an ton hna. Arakan Hills Tract pawl cu Rangoon ah tonbiaruahnak an nei hna.  FACE nih Arakan Hills Tract in an tonmi hna cu phu 4 ah an tthen hna:

(A) Khumi and Lakher Chins: 1) Htat Ling 2) Tung Aung 3) Htin Kon 4) Pat Wai 5) Theitu
(B) Lanpu Mro Chins: 1) Lampu
(C) Muang Hmyar Lemro Chin: 1) Mang Hmyar
(D) Arakan Hills Tract A.F.P.F.L: 1) Tun Mra 2) Saw Hla

 FACE report ttialning a tawinak in chim ahcun “Arakan Hills Tract in Chin miphun aiawhtu hna nih cun Chin Hills District he hmunkhat ah i fonh kan duh, chaklei Chin miphun nih a timi paoh kan hna a tla, Federal Union chung ah State in kan um lai an ti zongah kan hna a tla, Akyab district chung ah um cu kan duh lo” ti a si.  Khumi le Lakher Chins aiawhtu hna nih cun “hi tonbiaruahnak kan rat hlan ah kan hmunpi a simi Paletwa ah mipi biaruahnak kan nei. Cu biaruahnak ah cun mipi nih Akyab district ah i fonh lo ding in hnatlaknak kan nei” tiin fiang tein an chimchap. Asinain, Arakan Hills Tract AFPFL nih cun “kan nih cun Burma Group a simi Rakhine kan si, Burma ministerial he i fonh kan duh, kanmah tein district kan duh lo” tiin an ruahnak an chim ve. (Report of FACE page 92-98)

 A cunglei FACE report kan zoh tikah Arakan Hills Tract um Chin miphun hna cu hmun dang um Chinmi hna he hmunkhat in i fonh in umtti an duh. Asinain, Arakan pawl nih cun Kawl pawl he i fonh an duh. Pahnihnak ah Paletwa hi an hmunpi (head quarters) tiin Chin miphun nih cun an rak ruahmi a si.  Akyab district asiloah Rakhine he i fonh hi cu an rak duh hrimhrim lo timi cu hruaitu lawng si loin mipi zong nih an duh lomi a si. Pathumnak ah FACE he tonbiaruahnak ah a kalmi Chin miphun aiawhtu hna hi Ramukbawi pawl an si hna nain, Arakan cu A.F.P.F.L party aiawh an si. A sining ai khatmi an si lo. Arakan Hills Tract chung ah a rak um mi Rakhine pawl hi Kaladan tive kap ah ngatlai, dun tuah in a paw a cawm mi hna, khua le lo tuah lo in a rak vaivak mi pawl an si caah Ramukbawi hna an nei lonak zong cu asi.

Biatlangkawm

 Mirang kai hlan Burma Ramkulh tuanbia kan zoh ah siseh,  Mirang uknak tang tuan bia kan zoh ah siseh, independence khel lio tuanbia kan zoh ah siseh chim khawhmi (conclusion) cu:

(1) Rakhine miphun hi 1784 hnu cun ram (country) an nei ti lo.
(2) Arakan Hills Tract timi cu hmunhma min sawhsawh a si. Arakan penmi, asiloah Arakan ram tinak pakhat hmanh a si lo.
(3) Nihin Chin State ramri hi Chinland dihlak si loin a cheuchum lawng a si. Chinland timi a huap thlu rih lo.
(4) Chin miphun kan sinak hi fing le tlang, tiva, nih siseh, holh le phung nih siseh, miphun dang nih siseh an kan tthen kho lai lo.

Khatleikap in kan chim ah cun Paletwa cu Rakhine he fing le tlang in siseh, thi le sa in siseh, phun le hram in siseh, holh le phung in siseh pehtlaihnak zeihmanh a neimi a si lo. Cu caah 1947 Constitution in nihin nitiang Chin Special Division/Chin Sate chung ah a umnak asi. Rakine miphun cu 1974 Constitution lawng in State bing a nei mi an si. Paletwa cu Chinland.


Ref: The Chinland Post.